SRF2023 - List of Authors (Cravatta, A.T.)

Paper	Title	Page
MOPMB063	Multipacting Processing in Cryomodules for LCLS-II and LCLS-II-HE	259
	A.T. Cravatta, T.T. Arkan, D. Bafia, J.A. Kaluzny, S. Posen Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA S. Aderhold, M. Checchin, D. Gonnella, J. Hogan, J.T. Maniscalco, J. Nelson, R.D. Porter, L.M. Zacarias SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA M.A. Drury, H. Vennekate JLab, Newport News, VA, USA
	Funding: This manuscript has been authored by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics. Multipacting (MP) is a phenomenon which can affect stability in particle accelerators and limit performance in superconducting radio frequency cavities. In the TESLA shaped, 1.3 GHz, 9-cell cavities used in the LCLS-II (L2) and LCLS-II-HE (HE) projects, the MP-band (~17-24 MV/m) lies within the required accelerating gradients. For HE, the operating gradient of 20.8 MV/m lies well within the MP-band and cryomodule testing has confirmed that this is an issue. As such, MP processing for the HE cryomodule test program will be discussed. Early results on MP processing in cryomodules installed in the L2 linac will also be presented, demonstrating that the methods used in cryomodule acceptance testing are also successful at conditioning MP in the accelerator and that this processing is preserved in the mid-term.
	Poster MOPMB063 [1.066 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-SRF2023-MOPMB063
About •	Received ※ 25 June 2023 — Revised ※ 27 June 2023 — Accepted ※ 28 June 2023 — Issue date ※ 30 June 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPMB072	LCLS-II-HE Cavity Qualification Testing	279
	J.T. Maniscalco, S. Aderhold, M. Checchin, D. Gonnella, J. Hogan, R.D. Porter SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA T.T. Arkan, D. Bafia, A.T. Cravatta, J.A. Kaluzny, S. Posen Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA M.E. Bevins, A.J. Grabowski, C.E. Reece, H. Vennekate JLab, Newport News, VA, USA
	Acceptance testing of the LCLS-II-HE production cavities is approximately 65% complete. In this report, we present details of the test results, including summaries of the quench fields, intrinsic quality factors, and experience with field emission. We also offer an outlook on the remaining tests to be performed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-SRF2023-MOPMB072
About •	Received ※ 20 June 2023 — Revised ※ 28 June 2023 — Accepted ※ 03 July 2023 — Issue date ※ 07 July 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPMB081	Microphonics in the LCLS-II Superconducting Linac	302
	R.D. Porter, S. Aderhold, L.E. Alsberg, D. Gonnella, J. Nelson, N.R. Neveu, L.M. Zacarias SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA A.T. Cravatta, J.P. Holzbauer, S. Posen Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA M.A. Drury, M.D. McCaughan, C.M. Wilson JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA G. Gaitan, N.A. Stilin Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the LCLS-II project The LCLS-II project has installed a new superconducting linac at SLAC that consists of 35 1.3 GHz cryomodules and 2 3.9 GHz cryomodules. The linac will provide a 4 GeV electron beam for generating soft and hard X-ray pulses. Cavity detuning induced by microphonics was a significant design challenge for the LCLS-II cryomodules. Cryomodules were produced that were within the detuning specification (10 Hz for 1.3 GHz cryomodules) on test stands. Here we present first measurements of the microphonics in the installed LCLS-II superconducting linac. Overall, the microphonics in the linac are manageable with 94% of cavities coming within the detune specification. Only two cavities are gradient limited due to microphonics. We identify a leaking cool down valve as the source of microphonics limiting those two cavities.
	Poster MOPMB081 [1.284 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-SRF2023-MOPMB081
About •	Received ※ 18 June 2023 — Revised ※ 29 June 2023 — Accepted ※ 30 June 2023 — Issue date ※ 01 July 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPMB090	Measuring Q₀ in LCLS-II Cryomodules Using Helium Liquid Level	327
	L.M. Zacarias, S. Aderhold, D. Gonnella, J.T. Maniscalco, J. Nelson, R.D. Porter SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA A.T. Cravatta, J.P. Holzbauer, S. Posen Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA M.A. Drury, M.D. McCaughan, C.M. Wilson JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
	The nitrogen-doped cavities used in the Linac Coherent Light Source II (LCLS-II) cryomodules have shown an unprecedented high Q₀ in vertical and cryomodule testing compared with cavities prepared with standard methods. While demonstration of high Q₀ in the test stand has been achieved, maintaining that performance in the linac is critical to the success of LCLS-II and future accelerator projects. The LCLS-II cryomodules required a novel method of measuring Q₀, due to hardware incompatibilities with existing procedures. Initially developed at Jefferson Lab during cryomodule acceptance testing before being used in the tunnel at SLAC, we use helium liquid level data to estimate the heat generated by cavities. We first establish the relationship between the rate of helium evaporation from known heat loads using electric heaters, and then use that relationship to determine heat from an RF load. Here we present the full procedure along with the development process, lessons learned, and reproducibility while demonstrating for the first time that world record Q₀ can be maintained within the real accelerator environment.
	Poster MOPMB090 [1.867 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-SRF2023-MOPMB090
About •	Received ※ 20 June 2023 — Revised ※ 28 June 2023 — Accepted ※ 30 June 2023 — Issue date ※ 13 July 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPTB042	Latest Development of Electropolishing Optimization for 650 MHz Cavity	512
	V. Chouhan, D.J. Bice, D.A. Burk, S.K. Chandrasekaran, A.T. Cravatta, P.F. Dubiel, G.V. Eremeev, F. Furuta, O.S. Melnychuk, A.V. Netepenko, M.K. Ng, J.P. Ozelis, H. Park, T.J. Ring, G. Wu Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA B.M. Guilfoyle, M.P. Kelly, T. Reid ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
	Electropolishing (EP) of 1.3 GHz niobium (Nb) superconducting RF cavities is conducted to achieve a desired smooth and contaminant-free surface that yields good RF performance. Achieving a smooth surface of a large-sized elliptical cavity with the standard EP conditions was found to be challenging. This work aimed to conduct a systematic parametric EP study to understand the effects of various EP parameters on the surface of 650 MHz cavities used in PIP-II linac. Parameters optimized in this study provided a smooth surface of the cavities. The electropolished cavities met the baseline requirement of field gradient and qualified for further surface treatment to improve the cavity quality factor.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-SRF2023-TUPTB042
About •	Received ※ 19 June 2023 — Revised ※ 24 June 2023 — Accepted ※ 28 June 2023 — Issue date ※ 06 July 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

Paper

Title

Page

Multipacting Processing in Cryomodules for LCLS-II and LCLS-II-HE

259

A.T. Cravatta, T.T. Arkan, D. Bafia, J.A. Kaluzny, S. Posen
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
S. Aderhold, M. Checchin, D. Gonnella, J. Hogan, J.T. Maniscalco, J. Nelson, R.D. Porter, L.M. Zacarias
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
M.A. Drury, H. Vennekate
JLab, Newport News, VA, USA

Funding: This manuscript has been authored by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics.
Multipacting (MP) is a phenomenon which can affect stability in particle accelerators and limit performance in superconducting radio frequency cavities. In the TESLA shaped, 1.3 GHz, 9-cell cavities used in the LCLS-II (L2) and LCLS-II-HE (HE) projects, the MP-band (~17-24 MV/m) lies within the required accelerating gradients. For HE, the operating gradient of 20.8 MV/m lies well within the MP-band and cryomodule testing has confirmed that this is an issue. As such, MP processing for the HE cryomodule test program will be discussed. Early results on MP processing in cryomodules installed in the L2 linac will also be presented, demonstrating that the methods used in cryomodule acceptance testing are also successful at conditioning MP in the accelerator and that this processing is preserved in the mid-term.

Poster MOPMB063 [1.066 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-SRF2023-MOPMB063

About •

Received ※ 25 June 2023 — Revised ※ 27 June 2023 — Accepted ※ 28 June 2023 — Issue date ※ 30 June 2023

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPMB072

LCLS-II-HE Cavity Qualification Testing

279

J.T. Maniscalco, S. Aderhold, M. Checchin, D. Gonnella, J. Hogan, R.D. Porter
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
T.T. Arkan, D. Bafia, A.T. Cravatta, J.A. Kaluzny, S. Posen
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
M.E. Bevins, A.J. Grabowski, C.E. Reece, H. Vennekate
JLab, Newport News, VA, USA

Acceptance testing of the LCLS-II-HE production cavities is approximately 65% complete. In this report, we present details of the test results, including summaries of the quench fields, intrinsic quality factors, and experience with field emission. We also offer an outlook on the remaining tests to be performed.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-SRF2023-MOPMB072

About •

Received ※ 20 June 2023 — Revised ※ 28 June 2023 — Accepted ※ 03 July 2023 — Issue date ※ 07 July 2023

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPMB081

Microphonics in the LCLS-II Superconducting Linac

302

R.D. Porter, S. Aderhold, L.E. Alsberg, D. Gonnella, J. Nelson, N.R. Neveu, L.M. Zacarias
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
A.T. Cravatta, J.P. Holzbauer, S. Posen
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
M.A. Drury, M.D. McCaughan, C.M. Wilson
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
G. Gaitan, N.A. Stilin
Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by the LCLS-II project
The LCLS-II project has installed a new superconducting linac at SLAC that consists of 35 1.3 GHz cryomodules and 2 3.9 GHz cryomodules. The linac will provide a 4 GeV electron beam for generating soft and hard X-ray pulses. Cavity detuning induced by microphonics was a significant design challenge for the LCLS-II cryomodules. Cryomodules were produced that were within the detuning specification (10 Hz for 1.3 GHz cryomodules) on test stands. Here we present first measurements of the microphonics in the installed LCLS-II superconducting linac. Overall, the microphonics in the linac are manageable with 94% of cavities coming within the detune specification. Only two cavities are gradient limited due to microphonics. We identify a leaking cool down valve as the source of microphonics limiting those two cavities.

Poster MOPMB081 [1.284 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-SRF2023-MOPMB081

About •

Received ※ 18 June 2023 — Revised ※ 29 June 2023 — Accepted ※ 30 June 2023 — Issue date ※ 01 July 2023

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPMB090

Measuring Q₀ in LCLS-II Cryomodules Using Helium Liquid Level

327

L.M. Zacarias, S. Aderhold, D. Gonnella, J.T. Maniscalco, J. Nelson, R.D. Porter
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
A.T. Cravatta, J.P. Holzbauer, S. Posen
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
M.A. Drury, M.D. McCaughan, C.M. Wilson
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA

The nitrogen-doped cavities used in the Linac Coherent Light Source II (LCLS-II) cryomodules have shown an unprecedented high Q₀ in vertical and cryomodule testing compared with cavities prepared with standard methods. While demonstration of high Q₀ in the test stand has been achieved, maintaining that performance in the linac is critical to the success of LCLS-II and future accelerator projects. The LCLS-II cryomodules required a novel method of measuring Q₀, due to hardware incompatibilities with existing procedures. Initially developed at Jefferson Lab during cryomodule acceptance testing before being used in the tunnel at SLAC, we use helium liquid level data to estimate the heat generated by cavities. We first establish the relationship between the rate of helium evaporation from known heat loads using electric heaters, and then use that relationship to determine heat from an RF load. Here we present the full procedure along with the development process, lessons learned, and reproducibility while demonstrating for the first time that world record Q₀ can be maintained within the real accelerator environment.

Poster MOPMB090 [1.867 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-SRF2023-MOPMB090

About •

Received ※ 20 June 2023 — Revised ※ 28 June 2023 — Accepted ※ 30 June 2023 — Issue date ※ 13 July 2023

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPTB042

Latest Development of Electropolishing Optimization for 650 MHz Cavity

512

V. Chouhan, D.J. Bice, D.A. Burk, S.K. Chandrasekaran, A.T. Cravatta, P.F. Dubiel, G.V. Eremeev, F. Furuta, O.S. Melnychuk, A.V. Netepenko, M.K. Ng, J.P. Ozelis, H. Park, T.J. Ring, G. Wu
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
B.M. Guilfoyle, M.P. Kelly, T. Reid
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA

Electropolishing (EP) of 1.3 GHz niobium (Nb) superconducting RF cavities is conducted to achieve a desired smooth and contaminant-free surface that yields good RF performance. Achieving a smooth surface of a large-sized elliptical cavity with the standard EP conditions was found to be challenging. This work aimed to conduct a systematic parametric EP study to understand the effects of various EP parameters on the surface of 650 MHz cavities used in PIP-II linac. Parameters optimized in this study provided a smooth surface of the cavities. The electropolished cavities met the baseline requirement of field gradient and qualified for further surface treatment to improve the cavity quality factor.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-SRF2023-TUPTB042

About •

Received ※ 19 June 2023 — Revised ※ 24 June 2023 — Accepted ※ 28 June 2023 — Issue date ※ 06 July 2023

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)